有效益的句法怎樣寫呢?
首先,要懂得各種句子的寫法。其次,要知道合成句的方法。*,要會用優(yōu)良的句式,如對句法,以及善于處理句子的重心點。
這里可以談?wù)劸渥雍铣煞▎栴}。
句子的合成,基本上分三類:
一、把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句(Simple Sentence)合成一個長些的簡單句。
二、把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句,透過并列連詞(Coordinating Conjunction),連成并列句(Compound Sentence)。并列連詞包括“and, or, but, so, for”;并列句中的每個分句,地位平等。
三、把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句由從屬連詞(Subordinating conjunction)“when, it, because, although, that”等連接成復雜句(Complex Sentence)。復雜句有個主句(Main Clause)和至少一個從句;從句依功能之不同,又再分為名詞從句(Noun Clause);副詞從句(Adverb Clause)和形容詞從句(Adjective Clause)。
副詞從句性質(zhì)不同,可再分為“時間、原因、條件、讓步、目的、結(jié)果、方法、程度、比較”九種。形容詞從句有限制性的(Restrictive)和非限制性的(Non-restrictive) 兩種。
知道了合成句的類別之后,接著要知道怎樣運用不同的技術(shù),適當?shù)靥幚砭渥樱拱l(fā)揮效力。
下列三點值得注意:
1、 避免用并列連詞把地位不平等或沒有直接有關(guān)系的句子結(jié)合起來。例如:
“My friend is a soccer player”和“He lived here in 1980”這兩件事并不平等,就不該用并列句形式,而應(yīng)該用復雜句,如:
(1) My friend who moved here in 1980 is a soccer player. (主句+形容詞從句)
?。病⒈苊獍阎饕馑甲兂啥陶Z或從句。例如:
“Susan practised the piano well, winning the contest.”里的“練習彈鋼琴”這意思不能比“比賽勝利”重要,因此后者要改為主句,才比較有效益:
(2) As Susan practised the piano well, she won the contest.(原因副詞從句+主句)
?。?、 避免過于依賴簡單句,以免句子里的關(guān)系疏遠。例如:
(3) He stood on a road corner. The wind was blowing. He was looking into the darkness. He was a foreign tourist. He was aware of losing his way.
這五個簡單句,每句都有個清楚的意思,但是念起來卻單調(diào)乏味。
把這些簡單句貫串成一個較長的簡單句,味道就不同了,效益也好多了:
(4) Standing on a windy road corner and looking into the darkness, the foreign tourist was aware of losing his way.
(現(xiàn)在分詞短語+現(xiàn)在分詞短語+主句)
不然,連成復雜并列的句式也不錯:
(5) While the wind was blowing, the foreign tourist stood on a road corner to look in to the darkness and was aware of losing his way.
?。〞r間副詞從句+主句1+主句2)