失業(yè)有廣義和狹義之分。廣義的失業(yè)指的是生產(chǎn)資料和勞動者分離的一種狀態(tài)。在這種狀態(tài)下，勞動者的生產(chǎn)潛能和主觀能動性無法發(fā)揮，不僅浪費(fèi)社會資源，還對社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展造成負(fù)面影響。狹義的失業(yè)指的是有勞動能力的處于法定勞動年齡階段的并有就業(yè)愿望的勞動者失去或沒有得到有報酬的工作崗位的社會現(xiàn)象。根據(jù)產(chǎn)生的原因不同，失業(yè)可以分為以下幾種類型：自愿失業(yè)、非自愿失業(yè)、摩擦性失業(yè)、結(jié)構(gòu)性失業(yè)、季節(jié)性失業(yè)和周期性失業(yè)。那么，失業(yè)的英文怎么說呢？ ?

? What is unemployment crisis ? 什么是失業(yè) ? In recent years, with the development of China, unemployment is becoming more and more serious. A lot of people researched on the situation and reasons of unemployment. Meanwhile, they also want to know how to solve the problems. From kinds of reports, it’s easy to know that the situation is serious, and the reasons are varied. However, we can solve the problems by some suitable solutions. ? In modern china, unemployment is serious in both the city and the countryside. In the city, the laid-off and surplus workers are the main parts of unemployment. According to a data, Chinese laid-off workers in the city reached 6 million in 2003. Now, it is more than that. And in all the laid-off workers, 80% of them are workers in city. Another research shows that there’re more than 22 million surplus workers in city. Surplus workers are the ones who have job but have little work to do. They are also unemployed in some aspects. The number of people in the countryside takes 70.9% of Chinese total population. And nearly 400 million people in the countryside have no work to do. The number of unemployment is very large. What’s more, it’s very difficult to transfer these people, because most of the farmers can’t do anything else except farming. Another data show that the rate of unemployment connected tightly with the worker’s educational backgrounds. Most of the unemployed people are the ones who have very little knowledge. From all above numbers, we can learn that the situation is really serious. ? Such a serious situation of unemployment has a lot of reasons. At first difficulty in state enterprise’s development is a main reason for the laid-off and surplus workers in city. With the high-speed development of economy, state enterprises have to change their system to survive and compete with others. So more and more workers have being laid off .The second reason is continued increase of surplus work force in countryside. Now agricultural demand of labor has declined because of the progress of science and technology and the decline of farm. The increasing population in countryside is also an important reason for unemployment. The population is increasing with the farm is decreasing, so more and more farmers have nothing to do. Inadequate capability of people is another cause of unemployment. Some people can’t get job because of low quality in knowledge. In recent years, company’s requires are enhancing. That’s a challenge to workers, especially to farmers. The imperfect social security system is a reason for unemployment in both city and countryside. The government hasn’t given a perfect social security system to protect citizen’s employment. The reasons of unemployment in china are various. ? After know the tough situation and varied reasons, giving out the solutions are imperative. Unemployment is a national and private problem. It needs the solutions from both the government and the labors themselves. It is a national problem. Therefore, the government’s adjustment is the most efficient solution. To solve this problem, the government can increase the construction of infrastructure. This can not only provide a lot of jobs, but also can make the nation’s infrastructure better. Besides, government can enhance the development of privately managed enterprises that can provide more jobs. It would make a great effort on releasing the tough situation of unemployment. To the labors, their own endeavor is very important. If a worker has enough ability, no company would refuse him. The workers should learn more knowledge about their jobs. Evidently the problem of unemployment can be solved by the nation’s adjustment and the labor’s endeavor. ? In summary, although the situation of unemployment in china is serious and has varied reasons, we can solve it by national and private ways. ?