功能介紹 *英語(yǔ)課程資源推送 　　One of the key challenges in urban architecture over the next 50 years will be figuring out how to squeeze vast numbers of additional people into urban areas that are already extremely crowded. London. for example, will somehow have to deal with a projected 100, 000 extra inhabitants every year until 2016. The current plan of building new “satellite towns” of the city causes a lot of problems---but architecture think tanks are working on ambitious solutions that go vertical instead of horizontal in search of space. 　　In terms of population density, London is one of the least crowded major cities in the world- four times fewer people per square kilometer than Paris, for example, six times fewer than New York and eight times fewer than Cairo. But the fact remains that the city’s population is growing at a rapid rate, and horizontal expansion into the surrounding areas is eating up increasingly important agricultural land, as well as worsening all the transport problems that come with urban growth. 　　Popular Architecture would propose a radically different solution. The proposal is to go upwards, with vertical towers of considerable size, each representing an entire new town by the time it’s completed. Each tower would be 1500 meters high. Beyond mere accommodation, each tower would function as an entire town unit, with its own schools, hospitals, parks and gardens, sports facilities, business areas and community spaces. The population density of such a tower could help lower the individual energy requirements of each inhabitant, reducing the ecological impact of the population as a whole. 　　The village towers are considered as hollow tubes, with large holes to allow light and air through the entire construction. Occasional floor discs spread throughout the height of the building will give inhabitants large central areas in the middle of the tube to use as gathering spaces 　　While the building itself is unlikely ever to be seriously considered for construction--- imagine the number of elevators it would need, let alone the safety implications of open areas at such heights and with such wind exposure--- the concept can serve as a conversation-starter for urban planners looking to face the challenges of the current and coming centuries. 　　1. One key challenging task for urban architects in future is to_________. 　　A. build new satellite towns 　　B. work out ambitious plans 　　C. Design less crowded cities 　　D. accommodate more inhabitants 　　2. Which of the following cites has the largest population density？ 　　A. Cairo 　　B. Paris. 　　C. London 　　D. New York. 　　3. Horizontal expansion not only wastes land, but makes it hard for London to ________. 　　A. handle its safety problems 　　B. resolve its transport issues 　　C. control its population growth 　　D. measure its population density 　　4. The vertical tower would represent an entire new town in itself because __________. 　　A. it is energy-saving 　　B. it is cost-effective 　　C. it is self-sufficient 　　D. it is comfort-oriented 　　5. For city planners today, the idea of building a vertical tower can become________. 　　A. a topic for fun 　　B. a shocking reality 　　C. a modest proposal 　　D. a source of inspiration 　　參考譯文 　　在來(lái)來(lái)50年里，域市建筑的主要挑戰(zhàn)之一將會(huì)是如何在已經(jīng)極度擁擠的都市塞下更多的人。例如，到2016年，倫教將應(yīng)對(duì)每年預(yù)計(jì)増加的10萬(wàn)居民。日前建造“衛(wèi)星鎮(zhèn)”的計(jì)劃帶來(lái)了很多問(wèn)題，但是建筑學(xué)智庫(kù)致力于從垂直而不是水平方向去尋找空間。 　　根據(jù)人口密度，倫敦是世界上最不擁擠的大城市之一，它每平方公里的人口數(shù)比巴黎低四倍，比紐約低六倍，比開(kāi)羅低八倍。但是，城市的人口仍在迅速增長(zhǎng)，向周圓地區(qū)的拓展加劇了城市擴(kuò)張帶來(lái)的交通問(wèn)題，也在吞噬重要的耕地。 　　流行建筑提出了完全不同的解決方法一一向上延伸的垂直塔建筑。巨大的垂直塔完工后代表一個(gè)完整的新城鎮(zhèn)，每個(gè)塔高1500米。除了基本的居住功能，每個(gè)塔還將作為一個(gè)完整的城鎮(zhèn)，內(nèi)設(shè)學(xué)校、醫(yī)院、公園和花園、運(yùn)動(dòng)設(shè)施、商務(wù)中心以及社區(qū)空間。這種塔型建筑的人口密度會(huì)幫助減少居住者的個(gè)人能源需求，減輕整體人口對(duì)生態(tài)的影響。 　　這種塔型建筑就像中空管，整個(gè)建筑體內(nèi)有許多大的開(kāi)孔，能夠透出光絨和幫助空氣流通。偶爾的樓層圓盤(pán)造型分布在高樓上，會(huì)給居民更大的中心空間，方便他們聚在一起。 　　當(dāng)建筑物本身不再被傳統(tǒng)意義地作建造所用，想象一下它所需的電梯數(shù)量，更不用說(shuō)在這等高度和風(fēng)向下的開(kāi)放區(qū)城存在的安全隱患問(wèn)題。不過(guò)這個(gè)設(shè)想可以作為城市規(guī)劃者面對(duì)目前或未來(lái)挑戰(zhàn)時(shí)的開(kāi)場(chǎng)白。 　　1．D 　　【精析】細(xì)節(jié)題。文中*段*句提到“ One of the key challenges in urban architecture over the next 50 years will be figuring out how to squeeze vast numbers of additional people into urban areas that are already extremely crowded．”在未來(lái)50年里，城市建筑的主要挑戰(zhàn)之一將會(huì)是如何在已經(jīng)極度擁擠的都市塞下更多的人。由此可知，未來(lái)城市建筑的主要挑戰(zhàn)之一是容納更多的居民，故選D。 　　2．A 　　【精析】推理題。文中第二段*句提到“ In terms of population density, London is one the least crowded major cities in the world...and eight times fewer than Cairo．”根據(jù)人口密度，倫敦是世界上最不擁擠的大城市之一，它每平方公里的人口數(shù)比巴黎低四倍，比紐約低六倍，比開(kāi)羅低八倍。由此可知，開(kāi)羅的人口密度是*的，故選A 　　3．B 　　【精析】細(xì)節(jié)題。文中第二段第二句提到“ But the fact remains that the city’s population is growing. as well as worsening all the transport problems that come with urban growth．”但是，城市的人口仍在迅速增長(zhǎng)，向周?chē)貐^(qū)的拓展加劇了城市擴(kuò)張帶來(lái)的交通問(wèn)題，也在春重要的排地。由此可知，水平空間的拓展不僅浪費(fèi)土地還會(huì)造成交通問(wèn)題，故選B。 　　4．C 　　【精析】推理題。文中第三段倒數(shù)第二句提到“ Beyond mere accommodation, each tower would function as an entire... with its own schools, hospitals, parks...business areas and community spaces. ”每個(gè)塔還將作為一個(gè)完整的城鎮(zhèn)是因?yàn)樗鼉?nèi)部還設(shè)有學(xué)校、醫(yī)院、公園...商務(wù)中心及社區(qū)空間等，這些使得這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)生活所需都可以自給自足。故選C。 　　5．D 　　【精析】推理題。從文中*一段可知，目前這種垂直塔型建筑還有很多問(wèn)題，比如說(shuō)，所需電梯數(shù)量多，存在安全隱患等等，但是可以作為設(shè)計(jì)者的一個(gè)靈感的來(lái)源，故選D。